The venerable .45-70 Government cartridge, a titan of black powder days and a stalwart of modern hunting and shooting, offers a unique reloading experience. Choosing the right bullet is paramount, and the 405-grain projectile holds a special place in the hearts of many .45-70 enthusiasts. This guide delves into the world of 405-grain .45-70 bullets for reloading, covering their characteristics, applications, and considerations for achieving optimal performance.
Why Choose a 405 Grain Bullet?
The 405-grain bullet represents a sweet spot in the .45-70 world. Its substantial weight delivers impressive energy and penetration, making it a top choice for:
- Large Game Hunting: This bullet's mass translates to significant knockdown power, ideal for hunting elk, deer, and bear, particularly at closer ranges.
- Accuracy at Moderate Ranges: While not a long-range superstar, the 405-grain bullet offers respectable accuracy within its effective range.
- Controlled Recoil: While still substantial, the recoil with a 405-grain bullet is often considered manageable compared to heavier projectiles.
Types of 405 Grain .45-70 Bullets
Several manufacturers offer 405-grain bullets in various designs, each with its own strengths and weaknesses:
Lead Bullets:
- Pros: Cost-effective, readily available, and produce excellent accuracy in some rifles. Soft lead also provides significant expansion on impact.
- Cons: Lower ballistic coefficient than jacketed bullets, leading to more significant trajectory drop. Also prone to leading in barrels if not properly sized and lubricated.
Jacketed Bullets:
- Flat-nosed (FN): Often favored for hunting, delivering deep penetration and reliable expansion.
- Round-nosed (RN): A more versatile option, suitable for both hunting and target shooting, providing a balance between penetration and expansion.
- Spitzer/Pointed bullets: Rare in 405-grain offerings. Higher ballistic coefficient but may cause higher pressure in some rifles. Not typically recommended for hunting large game due to potential for over-penetration.
- Pros: Superior ballistic coefficient compared to lead bullets, resulting in flatter trajectories and longer effective range. Greater durability and less barrel leading.
- Cons: Generally more expensive than lead bullets.
Cast Bullets:
Cast bullets represent a significant option in the .45-70 world, allowing for customized hardness, alloy composition, and design features to fine-tune performance.
Reloading Considerations for 405 Grain Bullets
Reloading 405-grain bullets requires careful attention to detail:
- Accurate Powder Charges: Start with minimum load data from a reputable source (like Hodgdon, Alliant, or IMR) and work up gradually, meticulously monitoring pressure signs. Never exceed maximum load data.
- Proper Bullet Seating Depth: Correct seating depth is crucial for accuracy and consistent performance. Pay close attention to your chosen load data.
- Case Preparation: Ensure cases are properly sized, trimmed, and primed for optimal results.
- Primer Selection: Choose a primer appropriate for your powder and load data.
- Safety First: Always wear appropriate safety glasses and hearing protection while reloading.
Conclusion
The 405-grain bullet provides a compelling option for .45-70 reloaders. Its balance of power, accuracy, and manageable recoil makes it suitable for various applications, from hunting large game to target practice. Careful selection of bullet type, diligent adherence to reloading guidelines, and a focus on safety are crucial for achieving optimal performance and a rewarding reloading experience. Remember to always consult your chosen reloading manual for specific load data for your rifle and chosen bullet.
