The question of whether the .40 S&W cartridge is "dead" is a complex one, sparking ongoing debate among firearms enthusiasts and professionals. While its popularity has undeniably waned in recent years, declaring it extinct would be premature. This article delves into the .40 S&W's history, its strengths and weaknesses, and ultimately assesses its current place in the firearms market.
The Rise and Fall (and Maybe Rise Again?) of .40 S&W
The .40 S&W emerged in the early 1990s, a joint effort between Smith & Wesson and the FBI. Designed as a compromise between the stopping power of the .45 ACP and the manageable recoil of the 9mm, it quickly gained traction with law enforcement agencies nationwide. Its perceived superior ballistic performance over the 9mm made it a favored choice for many departments.
However, advancements in 9mm ammunition technology, coupled with a growing understanding of bullet performance and wound ballistics, have shifted the pendulum. The 9mm now offers comparable stopping power with significantly less recoil and greater magazine capacity. This has led many law enforcement agencies to switch back to the 9mm, impacting the .40 S&W's market share.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the .40 S&W
Strengths:
- Stopping Power: While not as powerful as the .45 ACP, the .40 S&W still delivers substantial stopping power, generally exceeding that of the 9mm in certain loadings.
- Balanced Recoil: The recoil is manageable for most shooters, making it suitable for both concealed carry and duty use.
- Ammunition Availability: Although not as ubiquitous as 9mm, .40 S&W ammunition remains readily available at most sporting goods stores and online retailers.
Weaknesses:
- Recoil Compared to 9mm: The increased recoil compared to the 9mm can lead to faster shooter fatigue and reduced accuracy during rapid firing.
- Magazine Capacity: .40 S&W magazines typically hold fewer rounds than comparable 9mm magazines.
- Cost: .40 S&W ammunition can be slightly more expensive than 9mm ammunition.
Why the .40 S&W Still Matters
Despite its decline in popularity, the .40 S&W isn't completely obsolete. Several factors contribute to its continued relevance:
- Existing Inventory: Many law enforcement agencies and individual gun owners still possess a significant amount of .40 S&W firearms and ammunition. Switching calibers represents a substantial financial and logistical undertaking.
- Personal Preference: Some shooters simply prefer the felt recoil and perceived stopping power of the .40 S&W. Ultimately, the best caliber is the one a shooter feels most confident and proficient with.
- Continued Production: Several firearm manufacturers continue to produce .40 S&W handguns, indicating a continuing, albeit niche, demand.
Conclusion: Not Dead, But Certainly Not Dominant
The .40 S&W is not dead, but its reign as the dominant handgun cartridge is undeniably over. The 9mm's advancements in ammunition technology and its superior ergonomics have made it the preferred choice for many, leading to a significant decrease in .40 S&W's market share. However, for those who already own .40 S&W firearms or prefer its characteristics, it remains a viable and effective option. Ultimately, the best cartridge for any individual depends on their specific needs, preferences, and intended use.
