J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company, a name synonymous with affordable and reliable firearms, produced a vast array of shotguns throughout its history. From simple single-shot models to more complex pump-actions and double-barreled guns, Stevens shotguns hold a significant place in firearm history and continue to be popular among collectors and shooters alike. This guide delves into the rich history of J. Stevens shotguns, exploring their various models, identifying key features, and offering insights for those interested in collecting or shooting these iconic firearms.
The History of J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co.
Established in 1864 in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. quickly gained a reputation for manufacturing high-quality firearms at competitive prices. Unlike some of their competitors who focused on high-end, custom-made guns, Stevens prioritized affordability and mass production, making their shotguns accessible to a wider range of customers. This business model contributed significantly to their success and widespread adoption. Over the years, Stevens was acquired by several companies, including Savage Arms, and eventually ceased independent operation, but the legacy of their shotguns endures.
Identifying Key Models and Features
J. Stevens produced an incredibly diverse range of shotguns, making identification crucial for collectors. Some of the most well-known and sought-after models include:
Popular Stevens Shotgun Models:
- Model 311: A popular single-shot shotgun known for its simplicity and reliability. These are often found in various gauges and are prized for their ease of use and maintenance.
- Model 520: A classic pump-action shotgun featuring a relatively simple design. These were known for their robust construction and are readily identifiable by their distinctive features.
- Model 620: Another pump-action, the Model 620 often incorporated improvements over the 520, including features like a different receiver design.
- Double-Barreled Shotguns: Stevens also produced a wide variety of double-barreled shotguns, ranging from simple side-by-side models to more elaborate designs. These often varied in features and quality depending on the specific model and production year.
- Model 9400: A more modern pump-action model produced during Savage's ownership of the brand, the 9400 is more often found on the modern used market.
Distinguishing Features:
When identifying a J. Stevens shotgun, several key features can help in the process:
- Rollmarks: The markings on the receiver, barrel, and other components are vital for identification. Pay close attention to the manufacturer's markings, model numbers, and gauge information.
- Receiver Design: The shape and design of the receiver often vary considerably between different models. Understanding the different receiver types is essential for accurate identification.
- Stock and Forend: The wood used, the style of the stock, and the finish can provide clues regarding the age and model of the shotgun.
- Action Type: Identifying if it's a single-shot, pump-action, or double-barreled shotgun is a critical first step in identification.
Collecting J. Stevens Shotguns
Collecting J. Stevens shotguns can be a rewarding experience. However, careful research and due diligence are crucial. Knowing the different model variations, production dates, and common variations is essential. Consulting resources such as collector's guides, online forums, and firearm experts can greatly aid in the collecting process. Condition and originality are key factors that influence the value of these collectible firearms.
Shooting J. Stevens Shotguns
Many J. Stevens shotguns are safe and reliable firearms suitable for shooting. However, always prioritize safety. Ensure the shotgun is in good working condition, that you understand its operation, and that you follow all safe firearm handling practices. If you're unsure about a particular shotgun's safety or condition, have it inspected by a qualified gunsmith before shooting. Appropriate ammunition should also always be used.
Conclusion
J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. shotguns represent a significant part of American firearm history. Their affordability and reliability have made them popular for generations. Whether you're a collector or a shooter, understanding the nuances of these firearms adds to the enjoyment and appreciation of these iconic pieces. Remember to always prioritize safety and responsible gun ownership.
